In the very south of the Iberian Peninsula we found what could be the first remains of stone tools in Europe, over a million years old, as well as hominin remains from several sites - Barranco León (Orce, about 1.4 to 1.2 million years old) and Sima del Elefante (Sierra de Atapuerca, 1.22 million years old) - from the area of the Iberian Peninsula. In addition to the first remains of hominins, i.e. members of the genus Homo, found on the sites of the Iberian Peninsula, numerous remains representing different time segments of Middle Pleistocene in Europe were found on the territory of today's Spain.

There are numerous other sites in Europe where individual remains of Pleistocene members of the genus Homo as well as their material culture were found, which testify to further biological and cultural adaptations to life in the European climate. Scientists interpret these remains differently and attribute them to different species.