SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
In sexual reproduction, the male gamete fertilizes the female gamete, resulting in the formation of an embryo.
In seed plants, the seedling (containing the female gamete) is openly located on the fertile leaf.
In flowering plants (angiosperms), pollen is transferred to the stigma of the pistil.
Before fertilization, pollination must occur — the
transfer of pollen, carrying the male gamete, from one plant to another of the same species.
In gymnosperms, pollen is directly transferred to the female reproductive organs.
Plants are pollinated by wind, water, insects, and various other animals (birds, bats, etc.). After fertilization, a seed or fruit forms, from which a new plant will develop.